What is puberty and when does it begin?

Puberty is the process by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of reproduction. It typically starts between the ages of 8 and 14 depending on the sexual and reproductive organs a person may have. During puberty, children experience a wide range of physical and emotional changes as their bodies produce more hormones.[citation: 4: 1]

Everyone goes through puberty, though the timing and specific changes vary from person to person. Even though EVERY body goes through puberty, your journey will be unique to you, and other kids' journeys will be unique to them. You've got this! Keep being you![citation: 2: 1]

What physical changes happen during puberty?

The physical changes of puberty are often the most noticeable. All children may experience growth spurts, acne, changes in body shape, and growth of pubic and underarm hair. Puberty may be characterized by breast development, the onset of menstruation, testicular and penis growth, or a deepening of the voice.[citation: 4: 2]

These changes happen gradually over several years, and their timing varies widely. Some bodies develop earlier, others later - both are completely normal. Topics that are part of puberty include breasts; menstrual periods; private parts; erections; sperm; acne; how hormones work; the arrival of hair in pubic areas, armpits, and on boys' faces and chests; body odor.[citation: 2: 2]

Remember that these changes happen to prepare your body for adulthood, and while they might feel awkward at times, they're a natural part of growing up. Whatever your gender identity, understanding these changes helps you navigate this time with greater confidence.

What emotional changes might I experience?

In addition to physical changes, children will also experience emotional changes during puberty. They may become more moody or irritable, or they may become more sensitive and emotional. They may also become more self-conscious about their bodies and appearance, and may want more privacy than before.[citation: 4: 3]

Big feelings can be confusing and hard to manage, but they're normal.[citation: 2: 3] These emotional shifts are related to hormonal changes in your body and the adjustment to your changing identity and social relationships. It's completely normal to feel a wide range of emotions, sometimes even in the same day!

Some days you might feel confident and excited about growing up, while other days you might feel insecure or overwhelmed. These ups and downs are a natural part of adolescence. Finding healthy ways to express your feelings—like talking with trusted adults, journaling, creative outlets, or physical activity—can help you navigate these emotional changes.

How does puberty affect people of different genders?

Understanding puberty is important for all kids, not just boys or just girls, like many puberty books focus on. Everyone will learn about erections and sperm. Everyone will learn about periods. Everyone will get hygiene tips. And puberty for gender-diverse kids is important too because even if you haven't personally experienced gender diversity in your own family, you or your friends might be gender diverse.[citation: 2: 4]

Bodies with ovaries typically experience breast development, hip widening, and menstruation. Bodies with testes typically experience voice deepening, facial hair growth, and more muscle development. However, hormones affect everyone differently, and there's a wide range of what's "normal."

For transgender, nonbinary, or gender-diverse young people, puberty can bring particular challenges when body changes don't align with gender identity. Puberty may bring up intense feelings of gender dysphoria for some young people, and there are tools and supports that can be explored and discussed with the help of medical doctors and mental health resources.[citation: 4: 4] Remember that your gender identity is valid regardless of your body's appearance.

How can I practice body positivity during puberty?

Body positivity means accepting and appreciating your body as it is, while still taking care of your health. During puberty, your body is changing in ways you can't control, and it's easy to compare yourself to others or to images you see in media.

Try to focus on what your body can do rather than just how it looks. Your body allows you to play sports, create art, think, learn, and connect with others. Appreciate these abilities! If we want to stay healthy, we need to know how to take care of our growing bodies.[citation: 2: 5]

Remember that bodies in advertisements and social media are often heavily edited and don't represent the wonderful diversity of real bodies. Every body is different—in size, shape, color, ability, and development timeline—and all bodies deserve respect, including your own.

Practice positive self-talk by challenging negative thoughts about your body and replacing them with kinder, more accurate statements. For example, instead of "I hate how I look," try "My body is changing as it should, and I'm learning to appreciate it."

How can I take care of myself during puberty?

Practical self-care during puberty includes learning about bra shopping if needed, selecting the right tampon and how often to change it, wearing an athletic cup when appropriate, and combatting stinky feet that come with puberty, plus adopting healthy nutrition and exercise habits.[citation: 2: 6]

Developing a consistent hygiene routine becomes especially important: daily showering or bathing, using deodorant, washing your face regularly if you have acne, and changing undergarments daily all help you feel your best.

Mental and emotional self-care matters too. This might include:

• Getting enough sleep (8-10 hours is recommended for adolescents)
• Finding healthy ways to manage stress like movement, creative outlets, or mindfulness
• Spending time with supportive friends and family
• Setting boundaries around your privacy and personal space
• Asking for help when you need it

Remember that taking care of yourself isn't selfish—it's necessary for your wellbeing during this important transition time.

How can I start conversations about puberty with trusted adults?

Keep talking as you go through puberty, which can last for years. Ask questions or share concerns with trusted adults. Look for adults who are open and honest, and who try to answer questions as best they can.[citation: 4: 5]

If you're nervous about starting these conversations, consider these approaches:

• Use a book or article as a starting point: "I read about this and wanted to ask you..."
• Ask about their experience: "What was puberty like for you?"
• Be specific about what you need: "I don't need advice right now, I just want you to listen"
• Write down questions if saying them feels too awkward

Remember that what you're going through is normal, and trusted adults are there to support you through it.[citation: 4: 6] If one conversation doesn't go as planned, don't give up—try a different adult or approach. School counselors, doctors, nurses, and other professionals can also be excellent resources.

What if I feel different or develop at a different pace than my friends?

One of the most challenging aspects of puberty is that everyone develops at different rates. Some people show signs of puberty early, while others are late bloomers. Both are completely normal variations!

It's natural to compare yourself to peers, but try to remember that everyone's puberty journey is unique. Even when topics might potentially make you feel embarrassed or uncomfortable, it's important to know that what you're experiencing is honest and normal. Puberty is for EVERY body.[citation: 2: 7]

If you're concerned about your development—either because it seems to be happening too early, too late, or in ways that cause you significant distress—don't hesitate to talk with a healthcare provider. They can reassure you about what's normal and address any concerns.

Remember that the awkward parts of puberty don't last forever, even though they might feel eternal in the moment. Be patient with yourself and others during this time of change.

What resources can help me learn more?

There are many excellent resources available to help you navigate puberty:

• Books like "You-ology: A Puberty Guide for EVERY Body" offer fact-based, age-appropriate, and body-positive information about the physical, social, and emotional changes ahead. Colorful illustrations keep the tone upbeat and engaging, while short stories featuring a cast of diverse characters add relatability and humor.[citation: 4: 7]
• Websites like Amaze.org have great video resources on puberty. Consider watching these videos and then discussing them with a trusted adult.[citation: 4: 8]
• School nurses, counselors, or health teachers can provide information and support
• Healthcare providers can answer questions and address concerns
• Support groups for LGBTQ+ youth can be helpful for gender-diverse young people navigating puberty

Remember, seeking information and asking questions shows maturity and self-care. You deserve to have accurate information about your changing body and emotions.

Final thoughts

Puberty is a universal experience that marks an important transition in your life. While it brings challenges, it also offers opportunities for growth, self-discovery, and developing deeper connections with others who are supporting you through this journey.

Be patient and gentle with yourself. Your body is doing exactly what it's supposed to do, even when the process feels awkward or uncomfortable. Practice self-compassion, seek support when you need it, and remember that the intense changes of puberty won't last forever.

You are not alone in this experience. Millions of young people around the world are navigating these same changes right now, and billions have gone through them before. With knowledge, support, and self-care, you can navigate this important life transition with confidence and grace.